Bağımlı kişilik bozukluğu :

A personality pattern characterised by an excessive need for attention, the display of submissive and clingy behaviour in order to obtain or retain that attention, and an intense fear of separation.

Bağımlılık :

1. A person’s constant need for another person to help them meet their own needs and desires, and to assist them in making decisions, due to their inability to do so themselves. 2. A person’s loss of control over the alcohol, substance, object or behaviour (such as gambling) they engage in, and experiencing severe distress when they do not consume it or engage in it.

Bağlanma :

The emotional bond and attachment between two people, particularly between a mother and her child.

Baskılı (basınçlı) konuşma :

Fast, loud and hard-to-interrupt speech.

Bastırma (represyon) :

The repression of desires, impulses and experiences that, when brought to the level of consciousness, cause distress and pain and threaten the self.

Beden algısı :

It is the individual’s own assessment of their feelings and thoughts regarding their own body. In other words, it is how the individual perceives their body in their mind and how it appears to them.

Beden dili :

The way a person expresses their feelings and thoughts through their posture, behaviour, facial expressions and gestures.

Beklenti anksiyetesi :

Waiting in fear and anxiety that the same thing will happen again. Anticipatory anxiety is particularly common in panic disorder; the person worries that a new attack is imminent, so their full attention is focused on their physical sensations as they search for signs of an impending panic attack.

Bellek :

Memory is the storage and recall of memories and experiences. It is the ability to consciously store experiences, what has been learnt, and their connections to the past in the mind.

Bender Gestalt testi :

A test devised by Lauretta Bender, consisting of nine geometric shapes drawn on cards, which the subject is asked to copy. Errors made in the drawing indicate an organic pathology in cognitive processes.

Benlik (Ego) :

It is the regulatory, balancing and harmonising component of the psychological structure. It is the part of the personality that encounters and interacts with the external world. The ego ensures that the individual behaves in a more rational and balanced manner by censoring and regulating the id’s (the lower self) ceaseless impulsive desires in accordance with the external world, that is, social norms. The ego, or self, is the part of the personality that performs the executive function, the part that makes us who we are. Contrary to its incorrect usage in popular parlance, the ego does not mean arrogance, ambition or conceit.

Benlik gücü :

The self’s ability to withstand and cope with difficult experiences and situations

Benlik saygısı :

It is the act of loving oneself despite being aware of one’s shortcomings and inadequacies, and the value one places on oneself in this context.

Beyin yıkama :

The process of fundamentally altering the behavioural patterns, values and beliefs that a person has developed and adopted over time through systematic practices, and instilling new ones in their place.

Bilinç :

Alertness is a state of being aware and able to distinguish.

Bilinç bulanıklığı :

Not being fully aware of what is going on around me.

Bilinç dışı :

It is the psychological realm where experiences lie hidden—experiences of which a person is unaware, and which cannot be brought to the surface even through conscious effort. These experiences manifest themselves in dreams and slips of the tongue. In psychoanalysis or dynamic psychotherapy, unconscious processes can be brought to light using specific methods.

Bilinç öncesi :

It is the mental realm containing memories, thoughts, impulses and emotions of which a person is unaware at any given moment, but which they can easily recall through conscious effort.

Biliş (kognisyon) :

All of the following abilities: perception, comprehension, recognition, memory, knowledge and problem-solving.

Bilişsel çarpıtma :

These are the errors people make when interpreting their experiences and drawing conclusions. For example, over-generalisation, taking things personally, catastrophising, selective perception…

Bilişsel davranışçı terapi :

It is a form of psychotherapy that examines the relationship between thoughts, emotions and behaviour. It posits that it is not the event itself, but the meaning the individual attaches to it, that influences their emotions and behaviour; during the therapeutic process, the individual works on their dysfunctional, distorted thoughts, replacing them with functional ones.

Bilişsel işlev :

These are the brain functions that enable a person to select, receive, store and process environmental information, and to acquire new knowledge.

Bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma :

It involves helping the individual to recognise their automatic, dysfunctional and ingrained thoughts during a therapy session, and then restructuring them so that they become functional.

Bipolar bozukluk :

It is also known as bipolar disorder or manic-depressive disorder. It is a condition characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Outside of these episodes, the person returns to their normal life and state of mind.

Birincil kazanç :

A person escaping a conflict by displaying a symptom. For example, fainting during a heated argument causes the tense atmosphere to calm down instantly. This is the primary gain. Fainting as a result of the argument subsequently leads to the person receiving more attention and being treated with greater sensitivity, which is the secondary gain.

Birincil süreç düşünce :

It is a form of thinking characterised by the absence of cause-and-effect relationships, illogicality, inconsistencies in time and place, and the coexistence of contradictory concepts. It is a form of thinking observed in young children and patients with schizophrenia. Events are attributed to magical rather than logical causality. For example, “I am a princess because princesses have blue eyes, or I am a prophet because my name is Moses…”

Biseksüel :

A person who is sexually attracted to both sexes.

Bizar sanrı :

These are delusions that are implausible, illogical and bizarre. For example, the delusion that aliens abducted him, removed his organs, implanted a spy inside him, and then sent him back to Earth.

Bölünme (splitting) :

It is a condition in which emotions are kept strictly separate and cannot be integrated with one another. It is the inability to reconcile the aspects of oneself and of another person that one loves with those that one dislikes. When in a good mood, one loves that person deeply; however, when one’s mood sours or one becomes angry, the beloved person ceases to exist and is perceived solely as the hated one.

Borderline kişilik bozukluğu :

It is a personality disorder that begins in early adulthood, characterised by inconsistencies in interpersonal relationships and self-perception, as well as mood swings and marked impulsivity. They are extremely sensitive to abandonment, experience frequent outbursts of anger, have tense and inconsistent relationships, exhibit frequent fluctuations in emotional state, engage in self-harming impulsive behaviours, experience a persistent sense of emptiness, and frequently change their interests due to becoming bored easily.

Boş yuva sendromu :

The depressive mood experienced by parents after their children have left home.

Bradifazi :

Slowed speech. This occurs in Parkinson’s disease and as a side effect of antipsychotic medication.

Bradifreni :

Slowing of thought processes. This occurs in Parkinson’s disease and as a side effect of antipsychotic medication.

Bradikinezi :

Slowing of movements. This is seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Bradilali :

Speaking very slowly and pausing between words. This is seen in depression.

Bradileksi :

Reading very slowly.

Briquet sendromu :

This is the former name of the condition, also known as somatisation disorder. In the DSM-5, it is referred to as ‘somatic symptom disorder’. There is one or more physical symptoms that significantly disrupt daily life (pain, gastrointestinal complaints, sexual dysfunction, etc.). The individual is preoccupied with these symptoms or health-related thoughts, expending excessive mental energy or time on them, and their mind is constantly occupied with this issue. These physical complaints are generally not attributable to any known medical cause; even if a cause is found, the individual’s distress is disproportionate to the severity of the symptom.

Broca afazisi :

It is a type of aphasia in which language comprehension remains intact, but the motor skills involved in speaking are lost.

Bruksizm :

Teeth grinding

Bulumia nevroza :

It is a type of eating disorder characterised by a loss of self-control over eating and the presence of binge-eating behaviour.

Bunaltı (anksiyete) :

Anxiety

Büyüklük sanrısı (Grandiyöz sanrı) :

The delusion that one possesses extraordinary abilities, fame or wealth.

Büyüsel düşünme (majik düşünme) :

It is a way of thinking that ascribes supernatural and magical powers to thoughts. The individual believes that what they think will be acted upon or come to pass. In other words, they believe that a desire, emotion or thought in their mind will influence another person through a magical effect or cause an event to occur. It is a pre-logical, primitive form of thinking observed in children, in obsessive-compulsive disorder and in patients with schizophrenia. Whilst some magical thoughts may be socially acceptable (such as the belief that certain numbers bring good or bad luck), others may be symptoms of psychiatric disorders (such as the thought in obsessive-compulsive disorder that ‘if I don’t turn the tap on and off seven times, someone in my family will die’).